Beverage can ends suitable for small diameters

ABSTRACT

A beverage can end and container have a removable panel that is actuated by a tab. The tab is smaller than conventional full aperture ends but enables opening because of the lower pull force required smaller ends or scores formed in less malleable allows that conventional food can ends. A stay-on-tab is also provided.

BACKGROUND

The invention relates to beverage containers, and more particularly to structures for forming an opening for beverage containers.

The most popular opening mechanism for beverage cans is a stay-on-tab that opens a hinged tear panel. The tab is affixed to the can end by a rivet that is in the center of the end on all commercially produced, stay-on-tab beverage cans. Full aperture food can ends are also known.

Some beverage cans have been produced having a removable panel. Removable panels for beverage cans are, for example, described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/797,171, entitled “Full Aperture Beverage End,” which is owned by the assignee of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1A, a prior art full aperture beverage can 110 includes a 211 size beverage can body 112 that is necked to accommodate a 206 size end 114. End 114 includes an inclined wall 122, a reinforcing bead 124, a removable panel 126, and a score 130. Pull tab 140 is attached to panel 126 at a rivet 136. Pull tab 140 includes an aperture into which an adult finger can fit.

The industry convention of can sizes employs three digits to represent inches and the quantity of 16^(th) inches. Thus, a 211 can body has a nominal 2 11/16 inch diameter. As is understood in the art, and as employed throughout this disclosure, nominal beverage can end sizes do not refer to exact measurements to the outside of the seam. Rather, the nominal size is an industry standard that no longer corresponds to exact diameter because the beverage industry switched to the seaming technology generally referred to as a “mini-seam.” In this regard, the nominal size refers generally to the diameter of the outside of the seam plus reduction in the diameter corresponding with the change from an old double seam to a modern, mini-seam.

Removable panels for food cans ends are more commercially popular than removable panels for beverage can ends. Removable panels for opening food containers typically have an end seamed onto a tin plate body. The removable panel is formed by a continuous score that is opened by a tab having an opening through which an average adult user can insert an index finger up to the first knuckle. The user initiates the opening process by lifting a heel of the tab to pivot the tab about a rivet formed in the removable panel such that a nose of the tab ruptures a short portion of the score. A user then inserts his finger into the opening in the tab to enable pulling with a force sufficient to propagate the score rupture around the removable panel and to detach the removable panel from the remainder of the end. The opening process for prior art, full aperture beverage cans is the same as described above for food cans.

The diameter of a conventional, commercial, tinplate, full aperture score commonly used on a food can end is typically at least 2.345 inches. The conventional full aperture ring pull tab is typically 1.3 inch long with a finger hole diameter of 0.6 inches, or 0.283 square inches. The dimension from the rivet center to the tip of the heel of a conventional commercial tinplate full aperture end is 1.00 inches. The smallest commercially-popular, tinplate, removable panel or full aperture end is a 201.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,109,406 discloses an end on a tapered can neck. In a first embodiment, a tab includes an elongate body to which a rivet is attached, a heel at one end of the body, and a nose at an opposing end of the body. The rivet is offset from the centerline of the end opposite the tear panel that forms the opening. In other words, in the prior art end, the center of the end is between the rivet and the tear panel. To open it, a user pivots the end over the seam of the can such that the heel is cantilevered in space. In other embodiments in the U.S. Pat. No. 8,109,406, a user grips an end of an unconventional pull tab to bend the tab at a hinge until a portion of the tab is upright. The score is opened upon the second step of pulling the tab straight up to apply a downward force through a puncturing nose.

SUMMARY

The present invention encompasses beverage can ends having a stay on tab or having a removable panel, such as a full aperture end. For full aperture ends, the pull force required for propagating the score after initial rupture for smaller ends is less than the corresponding pull force required for conventional opening sizes. For example, can ends of size 200 or smaller, such as 114, 112, and 108 sizes, require significantly lower pulling force than that for larger can end diameters, which is a clear benefit for opening full aperture ends. One of the reasons for the diminished pull force required for smaller ends is that smaller ends tend to be made of thinner material (compared with larger ends) to take advantage of the inherent advantage in buckle performance for smaller ends.

The inventors surmise another, esoteric reason for the diminished pull force: increased doming under pressure. Before pressure is applied, the score of a full aperture end is formed when the plate is flat. All commercial ends dome to some extent upon pressurization of the end after filing with a carbonated beverage. But smaller, thinner ends deform plastically to a greater extent (that is, the radius of curvature is smaller) compared with larger ends. The inventors surmise that the magnitude of the deformation upon pressurization of the smaller ends, which creates greater curvature in the region of the score, encourages peeling such that the when peeling is actuated by a consumer, a lower pull force is required. This phenomenon should exist in tinplate (that is, ends comprising steel) and in aluminum ends, and it is understood that the pull force would be lower in aluminum because it is less malleable and has a lower yield point than that of tinplate.

The diminished pull force required for smaller ends and/or for ends made from aluminum alloys can be generated without the conventional ring pull, which has an opening large enough for an adult finger to insert his index finger to the first knuckle. The diminished pull force further enables pull tabs having new configurations, such as a length that is shorter than conventional pull tabs. Aspects of the present invention apply the inventors' insights into the opening process to enable the use of tabs that are unconventional and offset from the center of the end.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a beverage can end for a small diameter having a stay-on-tab includes: a peripheral curl, a wall structure extending from the curl, and a center panel extending inwardly relative to the wall structure. The peripheral curl is capable of being seamed together with a beverage can flange to produce a seam that defines an end size of no more than 200. The end has a discontinuous score formed in the center panel that defines a tear panel, the tear panel being openable to form an opening of at least 0.35 square inches. A rivet is offset from a center of the center panel. A pull tab is coupled to the center panel by the rivet. The pull tab has a nose configured to rupture the score upon actuation of the pull tab and a heel opposite the nose. The pull tab heel is spaced apart from the seam by at least 0.3 inches to enhance finger access. The term wall structure is used in this specification and claims to refer to a wall of a shell and optionally encompasses an annular reinforcing bead.

The opening of the beverage can end preferably has an aspect ratio that is at least 1.75 and no more than 3.5, more preferably at least 2.0 and no more than 3.0, and most preferably at least 2.5 and no more than 2.75. The end may be formed of a 3000 series aluminum alloy. As advantages of the end may occur at smaller end sizes, preferably the end size is no more than 114, no more than 112, or no more than 110.

According to another aspect of the invention, a full aperture beverage can end comprises a peripheral curl, a wall structure extending from the curl, and a center panel extending inwardly relative to the wall structure. A score, which is formed in the center panel, defines a removable panel. A rivet is offset from a center of the center panel. A pull tab is coupled to the removable panel by the rivet, the pull tab having a nose located proximate the rivet and configured to rupture the score. The pull tab includes a finger opening having a length of less than 0.5 inches and configured to restrict complete insertion of an average adult finger and permit insertion of an average adult fingertip.

Preferably the finger opening has a height (measured in line with the elongate tab) of at least 0.2 inches and a width of between 0.4 and 1.0 inches, more preferably a height of between 0.2 and 0.4 inches and a width of between 0.4 and 0.8 inches. The tab length from a distal end of the nose to a distal end of the heel is no more than 1.15 inches, more preferably no more than 1.05 inches, and more preferably no more than 1.00 inches.

The area of the finger opening preferably is no more than 0.25 square inches, preferably no more than 0.20 square inches, and more preferably no more than 0.15 square inches. The center panel preferably has an end size of no more than a 200 size, no more than a 114 size, more preferably no more than a 110 size, and more preferably no more than a 108 size. Similarly, preferably the center panel has a diameter of no more than 1.7 inches, preferably no more than 1.6 inches, more preferably no more than 1.5 inches, and more preferably no more than 1.25 inches, and even more preferably no more than 1.0 inches.

Another way of measuring the size of the structure is by a characteristic dimension of the removable panel. For a circular panel, the characteristic dimension is the diameter. For a non-circular panel, the characteristic dimension is the largest, straight line distance measured anywhere on the panel. Preferably, the characteristic dimension of the removable panel is no more than approximately 1.65 inches, preferably no more than approximately 1.55 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.45 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.20 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.00 inches. And preferably an area defined by the removable panel is greater than 60 percent of an area defined by the center panel, more preferably greater than 75 percent, more preferably greater than 85 percent of an area defined by the center panel. Because the panel is removable, the score is continuous.

Any of the ends described herein may be formed of aluminum, such as a 3000 series aluminum alloy or a 5000 series aluminum alloy.

The end may also employ lift features. A full aperture beverage can end comprises a peripheral curl, a wall structure extending from the curl, and a center panel extending inwardly relative to the wall. A score, which is formed in the center panel, defines a removable panel. A rivet is offset from a center of the center panel. A pull tab is coupled to the removable panel by the rivet. The pull tab has a nose that is located proximate the rivet and configured to rupture the score, a heel that is opposite the nose, an aperture formed by a body located between the heel and the nose, and a lift surface that is spaced apart from the heel. The lift surface is adapted for contact by a user to lift the tab from its rest position to a position in which the tab aperture is accessible for further lifting. The lift surface may be formed by a rearward projection from the body proximate the rivet or may be formed by at least one outwardly lateral projection from the tab body. In this regard, the projection interrupts the curvature of the aperture.

A clearance distance between the tab heel and the end wall is less than 0.5 inches, preferably less than 0.4 inches, more preferably less than 0.3 inches.

The present invention also encompasses a solid tab. A full aperture beverage can end comprises a peripheral curl, wall extending from the curl, and a center panel extending inwardly relative to the wall. A score, which is formed in the center panel, defines a removable panel. A rivet is offset from a center of the center panel and formed on the removable panel. A pull tab is coupled to the removable panel by the rivet. The pull tab has a nose that is located proximate the rivet and configured to rupture the score, a heel that is opposite the nose, and a body between the heel and the nose that is solid without a finger aperture. The heel of the tab is configured to be spaced apart from the center panel when the can end is seamed to a pressurized can to enable actuation of the tab. Also, the center panel may include a recess beneath or near the heel to enhance finger access thereto.

The present invention encompasses ends of a 200 size or smaller having a stay-on-tab or having a removable panel, such as a full aperture end. The ends described herein preferably encompasses ends having a size no more than 114 size, nor more than 112 size, and no more than a 110 size, and no more than a 108 size. The present invention also encompasses ends larger than 200 size for certain configurations, and also encompasses ends having an asymmetrical opening. Accordingly, the inventors intend for the invention to be given the full scope of the original and future wording of the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1A is an illustration of a prior art full aperture can for a beverage can;

FIG. 1B is an illustration of a 200 size can end;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a full aperture beverage end having its tab in its at rest position, the end is affixed to a beverage can that is highly necked;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the full aperture end and beverage can of FIG. 1 having its tab in a partially actuated state such that the can is “popped”;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the full aperture end and beverage can of FIG. 1 having had its removable panel removed;

FIG. 5A is a top view of a full aperture beverage can end in a 112 size;

FIG. 5B is a cross sectional view of a full aperture beverage can end of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6A is a top view of a full aperture beverage can end in a 108 size;

FIG. 6B is a cross sectional view of a full aperture beverage can end of FIG. 6A;

FIG. 7 is a top view of a full aperture beverage can end of a 108 size showing a grip feature internal to the tab aperture;

FIG. 8 is a top view of a full aperture beverage can end of a 108 size showing a filled in tab that has no aperture;

FIG. 9 is a side view of a full aperture beverage can end of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a top view a stay-on-tab type beverage can end having a 112 size and an offset rivet with the tab removed for illustration purposes;

FIG. 11 is a top view of the end shown in FIG. 10 including the tab;

FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view of an end showing its size relative to end bottom of a corresponding can body.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention encompasses ends, and can assemblies employing the ends, having a removable aperture panel, such as ends known as “full aperture ends,” and ends having a hinged panel that employ a stay-on-tab. Referring generally to the figures, beverage can assembly 10 of either end-type includes a can body 12 and a can end 14 that are joined at a seam 20, which preferably is a conventional double seam common to beverage cans. Reference numeral 14 refers generally to the inventive ends disclosed herein, including both removable panel-type ends, such as full aperture ends, and stay-on-tab-type ends. Embodiments of the ends will have a letter appendage.

The present invention is not limited to a particular can size, can materials, end material, or end size except where expressly set out in the claims. Accordingly, to illustrate aspects of the present invention, a 211 (66 mm) size can body shown in the figures is highly necked, which necking may be performed by conventional necking machinery and techniques, as will be understood by persons familiar with can making technology. Preferably can body 12 is a one-piece, drawn and ironed beverage can body formed of an aluminum alloy, such as a 3000 series alloy.

Can body 12 preferably has a neck 16 such that seam 20 formed by the combined can body and end preferably has a diameter that is smaller than a 211 size, and therefore end 14 has a size smaller than 211. For example, a 211 can body (or other can body diameter, such as a 58 mm can body) can be necked to correspond to any end size 200 or smaller, such as the 112 (44 mm) or 108 (38 mm) end sizes illustrated in the figures. Even though the inventive ends disclosed herein are not limited to any material or to any diameter or material, they are especially advantageous for smaller end sizes and/or cans having a significant magnitude of necking such that a 200 diameter end or smaller is preferred.

Can end 14 in its unseamed state (not shown in the Figures) includes a peripheral curl that upon seaming forms seam 20 with a portion of can body 12. End 14 includes a wall 22 extending inwardly from seam 20. End 14 may also include an annular reinforcing bead 24 extending inwardly from wall 22. A center panel 26 may extend inwardly from bead 24. Alternatively, the center panel 26 may extend inwardly from wall 22. The ends to which the invention is directed may also have a panel wall between the reinforcing bead and center panel, such as panel walls that form a curve or a chamfer. Reference numeral 26 is used to refer to embodiments of the center panels of the ends, regardless of size, configuration, and type (that is, removable panel or stay-on-tab). Modern lightweight end shells, such as for example shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,877,941 (Brifcani), U.S. Pat. No. 8,157,119 (Lockley), U.S. Pat. No. 7,819,275 (Stodd), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,499,622 (Neiner) and their commercial equivalents and variations, have a reinforcing bead diameter and a panel diameter that are small relative to the seam diameter compared to older or non-lightweight ends, such as an end known as a B64 end. Ends disclosed herein may be used with modern, lightweight end shells (including other modern lightweight ends not referred to above) or the older end shells, such as a b64 end.

FIG. 2 illustrates a full aperture type end 14 shown in its at-rest state in which a tab 40 is approximately horizontal. According to a first embodiment full aperture end 14 a, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, tab 40 a includes a nose 42 a, a body 44 a, a heel 46 a, and a rim 48 a. Nose 42 a is pointed to enable it to impart a force, as explained more fully below. Heel 46 a is located opposite nose 42 a. Body 44 a extends between nose 42 a and heel 46 a and is elongate. A rim 48 a is formed by a portion of body 44 a and heel 46 a such that rim 48 a defines a finger aperture 50 a. Rivet 36 a is attached to body 44, preferably by conventional means. A moustache score 52 a or other vent (not shown in the figures) may be employed. The oval imposed over the end reflects a clearance of 8 mm.

Center panel 26 a includes a score 30 a, which preferably is continuous such that score 30 defines the boundary of a removable panel 32 a. Rivet 36 a, which preferably is conventional, is formed on removable panel 32 a. Rivet 36 a is offset (that is, spaced apart) from the center of center panel 26 a such that the tip of nose 42 a is located near a contact portion 34 a of center panel 26 a. Contact portion 34 a is the portion of the removable panel 32 a that tab nose 42 a contacts during the opening process. Contact portion 34 a preferably is chosen to be close to a predetermined portion of score 30 a.

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate another embodiment full aperture end 14 b, in which a tab 40 b includes a nose 42 b, a body 44 b, a heel 46 b, and a rim 48 b. Nose 42 b is pointed to enable it to impart a force, as explained more fully below. Heel 46 b is located opposite nose 42 b. Body 44 b extends between nose 42 b and heel 46 b. A rim 48 b is formed by a portion of body 44 b and heel 46 b such that rim 48 b defines a finger aperture 50 b. Rivet 36 b, moustache score 52 b, score 30 b, and contact portion 34 b are as described above for first embodiment end 14 a.

The lengths of tabs 40 a and 40 b are chosen to provide a 0.32 inch (8 mm) clearance between the wall 22 of the seam and the heel 46 a and 46 b. Accordingly, a length from a distal end of nose 42 to a distal end of the heel 46 is no more than approximately 1.15 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.05 inches, and even more preferably no more than approximately 1.00 inches. Other preferred clearance distances (that is, the horizontal distance between the tab heel and the seam 20 or wall 22 are contemplated. Preferably, the clearance distance is greater than 6 mm for embodiments relying on a finger access space behind the tab heel.

Finger aperture 50 a, 50 b is defined by tab 40 a, 40 b (respectively) and preferably is configured to restrict complete insertion of an average adult finger up to the knuckle. Rather, finger aperture 50 a, 50 b preferably is configured to permit insertion only of an average adult finger tip. Preferably, aperture 50 a, 50 b is sized to permit an adult finger to be inserted over a portion of the finger nail (that is, the distal phalange of the index finger is insertable into the aperture, but not fully to the joint between the distal phalange and the intermediate phalange). As finger apertures 50 a and 50 b are sized only to accept the distal most portion of the finger tip, the consumer engages the tab by pinching the tab or the aperture between the tip of the index finger and the tip of the thumb.

In this regard, area of the finger opening 50 a, 50 b preferably is no more than approximately 0.25 square inches, more preferably no more than approximately 0.20 square inches, and more preferably no more than approximately 0.15 square inches. Also, finger opening 50 a, 50 b preferably has a length of between of between approximately 0.2 inches and approximately 0.5 inches and a width of between approximately 0.4 inches and approximately 1.0 inches, and more preferably, a length between approximately 0.2 inches and approximately 0.4 inches and a width of between approximately 0.4 inches and approximately 0.8 inches. The length dimension is defined on the centerline of the tab from nose 42 a, 42 b to heel 46 a, 46 b along the tab centerline, and the width dimension is defined as perpendicular to the tab centerline and the length dimension. When the direction perpendicular to the tab centerline is not the largest dimension, the dimensions provided for the width can be measured at the largest dimension that is oblique to the length.

The dimensions of aperture 50 a, 50 b enable a force to be applied to pull tab 40 a, 40 b that corresponds to the opening force required for smaller ends and/or for ends formed of an aluminum alloy. Accordingly, end 14 preferably is a 200 size or smaller, preferably, a 180 size or smaller, more preferably a 140 size or smaller, and most preferably a 108 size or smaller. Preferably the end is at least a 100 size.

The disclosure herein emphasizes ends smaller than or equal to 200 for most embodiments. Another way to define this parameter is by center panel diameter. Accordingly, center panel 26 a, 26 b preferably has a diameter of no more than approximately 1.7 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.6 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.5 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.25 inches, and preferably no less than approximately 1.0 inches. Removable panel 32 a, 32 b preferably has a diameter of no more than approximately 1.65 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.55 inches, more preferably more than approximately 1.45 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.20 inches, and more preferably no more than approximately 1.0 inches. Preferably, the largest diametric or length dimension is greater than that of the pour opening of conventional, easy open, stay-on-tab ends.

The removable panel preferably is defined by an area that is greater than approximately 60 percent of an area defined by the center panel, more preferably greater than approximately 75 percent of an area defined by the center panel, and more preferably greater than approximately 85 percent of an area defined by the center panel.

Referring to FIG. 2, the at-rest state of can 10 is the condition of the can after filling and as the consumer encounters it. Upon encountering can 10 having tab 40 (employing reference numerals without an appended letter to refer to generally to the inventive removable panels ends described herein) in its at-rest position, a consumer opens can 10 by lifting tab heel 46 to pivot tab 40 about rivet 36 to impart a force from nose 42 onto contact portion 34 of center panel 26 until the score in the region of contact portion 34 is ruptured.

The present invention encompasses ends that have an annular countersink bead around the center panel, and also encompasses ends that omit or lack the countersink bead, as for example shown in embodiment shown in FIG. 4. In embodiments having an annular bead, the center panel is defined as the flat portion that is inside the inner wall of the countersink bead. The transition between the countersink inner wall and flat center panel is typically formed by a small radius, a curved panel wall, or a chamfer. In each case, the outer boundary of the panel is defined where the flat panel meets the transition. The inventors use the term “flat” not to refer to theoretical perfection, but to mean the state in which the end exists as it leaves the shell press or conversion press, including deviations from a perfect plane because of being unwound from a coil, embosses and debosses on the panel for functional reasons, and the like.

In embodiments that have no countersink bead, the boundary of the center panel may be defined by the transition between the flat portion and the curve or bend that joins the center panel to the wall. Referring to FIG. 2, the at-rest state of can 10 is the condition of the can after filling and as the consumer encounters it. Upon encountering can 10 having tab 40 (employing reference numerals without an appended letter to refer to generally to the inventive removable panels ends described herein) in its at-rest position, a consumer opens can 10 by lifting tab heel 46 to pivot tab 40 about rivet 36 to impart a force from nose 42 onto contact portion 34 of center panel 26 until the score in the region of contact portion 34 is ruptured.

FIG. 3 illustrates can 10 upon completion of the first opening operation in which score 30 has been ruptured and thus vented (that is, the can has been “popped”). After initial score rupture, a consumer grasps tab 40 either by partially inserting an index finger tip into aperture 50, pressing an index finger tip and thumb together roughly in the plane of opening 50 (that is, the contact between the consumer's index finger and thumb is roughly in line with the surfaces of rim 48). Alternatively, a user may grasp tab body 44 or heel 46 by pressing between his thumb and a side of an index finger. Upon grasping, the consumer pulls tab 40 either normal to center panel 26 or with a rearward, peeling action to propagate the rupture of score 30 about removable panel 32 until removable panel 32 is fully detached, as shown in the ready state of can 10 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment can end 14 c that includes a center panel 26 c, a score 30 c, a removable panel 32 c, a contact portion 34 c, and a rivet 36 c that are as described for first and second embodiment can ends 14 a and 14 b. A tab 40 c of end 14 c includes a nose 42 c, a body 44 c, a heel 46 c, and a rim 48 c. Nose 42 c is pointed to enable it to impart a force, as explained more fully below. Heel 46 c is located opposite nose 42 c. Body 44 c extends between nose 42 c and heel 46 c. Rim 48 c is formed by a portion of body 44 c and heel 46 c such that rim 48 c defines a finger aperture 50 c. Rivet 36 c, moustache score 52 c, score 30 c, and contact portion 34 c are as described above for first embodiment end 14 a.

Tab 40 c need not provide a clearance between heel 46 c and the seam for figure access, as tab 40 c includes a lift feature, such as projection 60 c, that provides a lift surface. Projection 60 c is a tab that extends from body 44 c near rivet 36 c rearwardly (that is, in the direction toward heel 46 c) to project into or stick into aperture 50 c or, in other words, interrupt the smooth curvature of the aperture 50 c. In this regard the clearance distance between heel 46 c and the seam 20 inner wall preferably is less than 0.5 inches, more preferably less than 0.4 inches, and more preferably less than 0.3 inches. Alternatively, the lift feature may be one or more lateral projections 66 c (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 7) that extend from body 44. Projection 60 c and projections 66 c each provide one or more lift surfaces for contact by the consumer's finger.

To actuate tab 40 c, a user first contacts a lift surface 62 c of projection 60 c or a lift surface 68 c of projection 66 c to lift tab 40 c to the extent that the consumer's finger can be place under heel 46 c to complete the first phase of the opening process described above (that is, the reach the “popped” state). The removal of removable panel is completed by the consumer upon insertion of the user's finger into aperture 50 c and pulling to fully propagate the rupture of score 30 c.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate another embodiment end 14 d that lacks a finger aperture for pulling. End 14 d includes a score 30 d, a contact portion 34 d, and a rivet 36 d that are as described for first and second embodiment can ends 14 a and 14 b.

A tab 40 d of end 14 d includes a nose 42 d, a body 44 d, and a heel 46 d. Nose 42 d is pointed to enable it to impart a force, as explained more fully below. Heel 46 d is located opposite nose 42 d. Body 44 d extends between nose 42 d and heel 46 d and preferably is continuous without any apertures or without an aperture in which even a tip of an adult finger can be inserted. A tab according to the present embodiment encompasses through holes, which may be made for aesthetic reasons, providing visual access to the center panel, strengthening reasons, light-weighting reasons, and the like. Any opening in this regard (not shown in the figures) would preferably have its longest dimension less than 0.25 inches, Body 44 may include raised structure, such as channel 70 and island 71, to enhance gripping. Rivet 36 d, moustache score 52 d, score 30 d, and contact portion 34 d are as described above for first embodiment end 14 a.

Because tab 40 d lacks a finger aperture, tab 40 d may have a length dimension (that is, from heel to nose) that enables a sufficient finger access between heel 46 d and seam 20. Center panel 26 d and removable panel 32 d may have a recess 70 d, shown in relief in FIG. 9, underneath or near heel 46 d to enhance finger access (that it, to enable a tip of a consumer's finger to access heel 46 d or other portion of tab 40 d). The offset location of rivet 36 d enhances finger access to heel 46 d as the pressurized can tends to deform end 14 d into a dome shape. Thus, heel 46 d may be spaced apart from (that is, there is a vertical cap) from center panel 26 d in a seamed-on end even without a recess in the center panel.

To actuate tab 40 d, a consumer's finger first contacts the heel 46 d to lift it to complete the first phase of the opening process described above (that is, the reach the “popped” state). Because of the dome shape of end 14 d upon pressurization, and because of the location of tab 40 d offset from the center of the end, a vertical space (or an increase in the vertical space) may be formed between heel 46 d and center panel 26 d to enhance the capability of a user's finger to engage heel 46 d. In the embodiment having recess 70 d, the recess 70 d also provides space to enhance finger access.

The disclosure herein emphasizes ends smaller than 200 for the embodiments having removable panels. Another way to define this parameter is by center panel diameter. Accordingly, center panels 26 of ends 14 a through 14 d, preferably have a diameter of no more than approximately 1.7 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.6 inches, more preferably more than approximately 1.5 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.25 inches, and preferably no less than approximately 1.0 inches. Removable panels 32 preferably have a diameter of no more than approximately 1.65 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.55 inches, more preferably more than approximately 1.45 inches, more preferably no more than approximately 1.20 inches, and more preferably no more than approximately 1.0 inches. Preferably, the largest diametric or length dimension is greater than that of the pour opening of conventional, easy open, stay-on-tab ends. The tabs employed with ends having a removable panel preferably do not have ha hinge such that panel 32 deforms upon tab actuation.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a stay-on-tab end 14 e shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, having a size of 200 or smaller, includes a tab 40 e that has a nose 42 e, a body 44 e, a heel 46 e, a rim 48 e, and an aperture 50 e. Nose 42 e is rounded and has a contact portion at its distal tip. Heel 46 e is located opposite nose 42 e. Body 44 e extends between nose 42 e and heel 46 e. A rim 48 e is formed by a portion of body 44 e and heel 46 e such that rim 48 e defines an aperture 50 e. Rim 48 e and aperture 50 e are structural, as in conventional stay-on-tabs.

Tab 40 e includes a rivet island 74 e that contacts center panel 26 e and through which rivet 36 e is affixed. Rivet island 74 e includes a hinge 76 e that is formed upon actuation of tab 40 e.

Rivet 36 e is offset from the center of center panel 26 e but otherwise may be conventional. The location of rivet 36 e and length of tab 40 e may be chosen according the distance available on end 14 e to provide a clearance distance between the end seam or wall and heel 46 e of at least 0.3 inches to enhance finger access.

Center panel 26 e includes a score 30 e, which preferably is discontinuous such that opposing ends of score 30 e form a hinge 78 e. Score 30 e and hinge 78 e define a tear panel 80 e that is openable upon actuation of tab 40 e. Score 30 e preferably includes a first portion 82 that includes a portion intended to vent upon initial opening and a check slot, a rearwardly projecting bulge 83 that extends to the rearward side of the centerline of rivet 36 e, a first side portion 84, a front portion 85, a second side portion 86, and a second end portion 87 that may extend rearward of rivet 36 e.

Preferably, the opening formed when tear panel 80 e has been actuated is at least 0.35 inches, more preferably at least 0.4 square inches. Score 30 e defines an aspect ratio of panel 80 e by dividing length L, which is mostly clearly identified as the length along the centerline of tab 40 e, by width W, which is most clearly identified as the maximum distance that is perpendicular to the dimension L between sides 84 and 86. Preferably the aspect ratio of the opening is at least 1.75 and no more than 3.5, more preferably at least 2.0 and no more than 3.0, and more preferably is at least 2.5 and no more than 2.75.

As described herein, the diminished size of the ends of present invention compared with conventional beverage can end enables changes to the structure of the end. For example, the end 14 e may be formed of a less expensive 5000 series alloy or a 3000 series alloy similar to that of the can body, the end shell may be formed of a thinner shell, or a combination. Moreover, to further enhance openability, the score residual (that is, the metal thickness dimension of the end that remains at the bottom of the score after formation of the score) may be approximately 0.0025 inches.

To actuate tab 40 e, a consumer grips heel 46 e in a conventional way for opening ubiquitous stay-on-tab ends. The consumer lifts heel 46 e to urge nose 42 e against contact portion 34 e to rupture score first portion 82. The force applied from nose 82 is applied through initial venting and through the buildup of energy in the panel until the check slot rupture, after which the score may propagate quickly through bulge 83, first side 84, front portion 85, and second side 86 until ceasing at end portion 87.

Referring now to the inventive ends generally, end 14 is formed of a conventional 5000 series aluminum alloy. The present invention also encompasses ends made of steel or steel alloys, such as conventional tinplate, and any aluminum alloys, such as a 3000 series alloy. In this regard, the present invention encompasses any combination of end materials, score configuration, removable panel size, and opening and/or venting technology that can be actuated with a pull force that is enabled by the pull tab described herein to be employed. For example, even though a 5000 series alloy is preferred for a larger end sizes, such as a 202 end size, the inventors surmise that a 3000 alloy would provide acceptable pressure performance for smaller ends.

FIG. 12 shows a beverage can base 11 having an internal diameter that is greater than the outside diameter of seam 20 such that end 14 fits into the opening at the bottom of the can such that can assemblies 10 stack one on another.

Ends according to the present invention are described herein using particular sizes, configurations, and materials. The present invention is not limited thereto, but rather encompasses ends as defined in the claims. 

We claim:
 1. A beverage can end having a small diameter and a stay-on-tab, the end comprising: a peripheral curl, a wall structure extending from the curl, and a center panel extending inwardly relative to the wall structure; the peripheral curl capable of being seamed together with a beverage can flange to produce a seam that defines an end size of no more than 200; a discontinuous score formed in the center panel that defines a tear panel, the tear panel being openable to form an opening of at least 0.35 square inches; a rivet that is offset from a center of the center panel; and a pull tab coupled to the center panel by the rivet, the pull tab having a nose configured to rupture the score upon actuation of the pull tab and a heel opposite the nose; the pull tab heel being spaced apart from the seam by at least 0.3 inches to enhance finger access.
 2. The beverage can end of claim 1 wherein the opening has an aspect ratio that is at least 1.75 and no more than 3.5.
 3. The beverage can end of claim 1 wherein the opening has an aspect ratio that is at least 2.0 and no more than 3.0.
 4. The beverage can end of claim 1 wherein the opening has an aspect ratio that is at least 2.5 and no more than 2.75.
 5. The beverage can end of claim 1 wherein the end is formed of a 3000 series aluminum alloy.
 6. The beverage can end of claim 1 wherein the end size is no more than
 114. 7. The beverage can end of claim 1 wherein the end size is no more than
 112. 8. The beverage can end of claim 1 wherein the end size is no more than
 110. 9. A full aperture beverage can end comprising: a peripheral curl, a wall structure extending from the curl, and a center panel extending inwardly relative to the wall structure; a score formed in the center panel that defines a removable panel; a rivet that is offset from a center of the center panel; and a pull tab coupled to the removable panel by the rivet, the pull tab having a nose located proximate the rivet and configured to rupture the score, the pull tab including a finger opening having a length of less than 0.5 inches and configured to restrict complete insertion of an average adult finger and permit insertion of an average adult fingertip.
 10. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the finger opening has a height of at least 0.2 inches and a width of between 0.4 and 1.0 inches.
 11. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the finger opening has a height of between 0.2 and 0.4 inches and a width of between 0.4 and 0.8 inches.
 12. The full aperture beverage can full aperture end of claim 9 wherein the tab has a length from a distal end of the nose to a distal end of a heel of the tab that is no more than 1.15 inches.
 13. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the tab has a length from a distal end of the nose to a distal end of a heel of the tab that is no more than 1.05 inches.
 14. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the tab has a length from a distal end of the nose to a distal end of a heel of the tab that is no more than 1.00 inches.
 15. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the finger opening has an area that is no more than 0.25 square inches.
 16. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the finger opening has an area that is no more than 0.20 square inches.
 17. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the finger opening has an area that is no more than 0.15 square inches.
 18. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the center panel has an end size of no more than a 200 size.
 19. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the center panel has an end size of no more than a 114 size.
 20. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the center panel has an end size of no more than a 110 size.
 21. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the center panel has an end size of no more than a 108 size.
 22. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the center panel has a diameter of no more than 1.7 inches.
 23. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the center panel has a diameter of no more than 1.6 inches.
 24. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the center panel has a diameter of no more than 1.5 inches.
 25. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the center panel has a diameter of no more than 1.25 inches.
 26. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the center panel has a diameter of no more than 1.0 inches.
 27. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein a characteristic dimension of the removable panel is no more than approximately 1.65 inches.
 28. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein a characteristic dimension of the removable panel is no more than approximately 1.55 inches.
 29. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein a characteristic dimension of the removable panel is no more than approximately 1.45 inches.
 30. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein a characteristic dimension of the removable panel is no more than approximately 1.20 inches.
 31. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein a characteristic dimension of the removable panel is no more than approximately 1.00 inches.
 32. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein an area defined by the removable panel is greater than 60 percent of an area defined by the center panel.
 33. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein an area defined by the removable panel is greater than 75 percent of an area defined by the center panel.
 34. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein an area defined by the removable panel is greater than 85 percent of an area defined by the center panel.
 35. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the score is continuous.
 36. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the end is formed of aluminum.
 37. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the end is formed from one of a 3000 series aluminum alloy and a 5000 series aluminum alloy.
 38. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 9 wherein the end is formed from a 3000 series aluminum alloy.
 39. A full aperture beverage can end comprising: a peripheral curl, a wall extending from the curl, and a center panel extending inwardly relative to the wall; a score formed in the center panel that defines a removable panel; a rivet that is offset from a center of the center panel; and a pull tab coupled to the removable panel by the rivet, the pull tab having a nose that is located proximate the rivet and configured to rupture the score, a heel that is opposite the nose, an aperture defined by a body located between the heel and the nose, and a lift surface that is spaced apart from the heel, wherein the lift surface is adapted for contact by a user to lift the tab from its rest position to a position in which the tab aperture is accessible for lifting.
 40. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 39 wherein a clearance distance between the tab heel and the end wall is less than 0.5 inches.
 41. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 39 wherein a clearance distance between the tab heel and the end wall is less than 0.4 inches.
 42. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 39 wherein a clearance distance between the tab heel and the end wall is less than 0.3 inches.
 43. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 39 wherein the lift surface is formed by a rearward projection from the body proximate the rivet.
 44. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 43 wherein the aperture has a curvature that is interrupted by the projection.
 45. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 39 wherein the lift surface is formed by at least one outwardly lateral projection from the tab body.
 46. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 39 wherein the center panel has an end size of no more than a 200 size.
 47. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 39 wherein the heel of the tab is configured to be spaced apart from the center panel when the can end is seamed to a pressurized can to enable actuation of the tab.
 48. The full aperture beverage can end of claim 47 wherein the center panel includes a recess beneath or near the heel to enhance finger access thereto. 